Bristlenose pleco
The sensible alternative to a common pleco: 12 cm rather than 45, an effective algae grazer, and a genuine wood-rasper that needs driftwood in the tank rather than as decoration.
Quick profile
- Scientific name
- Ancistrus cirrhosus
- Adult size
- 10–15 cm (3.9–5.9 in)
- Lifespan
- 6–12 years
- Temperature
- 22–27 °C (72–81 °F)
- pH
- 6–7.8
- Hardness
- 2–20 °dGH
- Minimum tank
- 110 L (29 US gal)
- Minimum length
- 80 cm
- Swimming zone
- Bottom
- Social
- Solitary
- Diet
- Algae grazer
- Overall confidence
- high confidence
What keeping this species involves
Hardy and adaptable given wood, caves and supplementary vegetable food.
Rivers and streams with submerged wood and moderate flow.
Identity and names
- Common name
- Bristlenose pleco
- Scientific name
- Ancistrus cirrhosus
- Family
- Loricariidae
- Order
- Siluriformes
- Class
- Actinopterygii
- Also sold as
- bristlenose catfish, bushynose pleco, ancistrus
Name ambiguity
Aquarium 'bristlenose' stock is a mixture of Ancistrus species and hybrids, commonly listed as A. cirrhosus or simply 'Ancistrus sp.'. Husbandry is consistent across the group.
Adult size and growth
10–15 cm (3.9–5.9 in)
Typical lifespan in an aquarium: 6–12 years. Almost every animal sold in a shop is a juvenile, so the tank has to suit the size in the first line rather than the size in the bag.
Shape, which is what the compatibility engine reads instead of length alone: depressed — flattened top to bottom with a grazing or sucking mouth. Assigned from what is typical of Loricariidae, not examined for this species.
Water and tank requirements
A 12 cm bottom-dwelling fish with a substantial appetite and waste output, plus room for the wood it needs.
Temperature (°C)
Scale: 0 to 36 °C.
pH (pH)
Scale: 4 to 9.5 pH.
Hardness (°dGH)
Scale: 0 to 30 °dGH.
Where these figures come from
Habitat class
Lowland floodplain
Seasonally inundated flat country — várzea, chaco, swamp margin — where the water body changes size, depth and chemistry through the year.
The habitat's defining feature is change, so a single band describes it badly. Species from here are generally tolerant of a wide range and intolerant of nothing much — which makes them easy to keep and easy to keep wrongly.
- Conductivity
- 40–300 µS/cm
- Flow
- still
- Dissolved oxygen
- low
- Seasonality
- strong
These are figures for the KIND of water body, not measurements of this species. They are AquariumHQ’s summary of the general limnology and are given wide because the water is.
- TemperatureFollows the habitat this animal comes from
- Follows the water this animal is recorded from — lowland floodplain. Lowland floodplain generally runs 22–32°C, and the advised band of 22–27°C is consistent with it. This is AquariumHQ's reasoning from the habitat, not a measurement of the species.
- pHFollows the habitat this animal comes from
- Follows the water this animal is recorded from — lowland floodplain. Lowland floodplain generally runs 6–7.5, and the advised band of 6–7.8 is consistent with it. This is AquariumHQ's reasoning from the habitat, not a measurement of the species.
- General hardnessFollows the habitat this animal comes from
- Follows the water this animal is recorded from — lowland floodplain. Lowland floodplain generally runs 2–12 dGH, and the advised band of 2–20 dGH is consistent with it. This is AquariumHQ's reasoning from the habitat, not a measurement of the species.
Scale: 20.5 to 33.5 °C.
Scale: 5.7 to 8.1 pH.
Scale: -0.7 to 22.7 dGH.
| Requirement | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Temperature | 22–27 °C (72–81 °F) | Stability matters more than hitting an exact figure. |
| pH | 6–7.8 | A stable pH outside the ideal band is usually better than an unstable one inside it. |
| General hardness | 2–20 °dGH | Check your supplier's published figure before choosing species. |
| Minimum volume | 110 L (29 US gal) | A floor, not a recommendation. |
| Minimum footprint | 80 cm long | A 12 cm bottom-dwelling fish with a substantial appetite and waste output, plus room for the wood it needs. |
| Water flow | moderate | Match the outflow to this rather than to the filter's rating. |
| Lid required | Recommended | Reduces evaporation and prevents accidents. |
| Structure | Driftwood is a requirement — the fish rasps it and appears to need the fibre. Caves for daytime shelter. |
Behaviour
- Mostly nocturnal, particularly when newly added.
- Produces a large amount of waste for its size — a real consideration for filtration.
Telling males from females
Males develop branched fleshy tentacles across the snout; females have few or none, confined to the rim.
Feeding
A mature tank does not grow enough algae to feed an adult. Supplementary vegetable feeding is required, not optional.
- Diet type
- Algae grazer
- Staples
- Algae wafers, Blanched courgette, cucumber and sweet potato, Driftwood, Occasional frozen foods
Breeding
- Strategy
- Cave spawner; the male guards eggs and fry
- Difficulty
- straightforward
- Parental care
- guarding
Tankmates and compatibility
Assessments are derived from stored traits by the compatibility engine, with the reasoning shown. A verdict is a statement about probability, not a guarantee — individual temperament can override it.
| Towards | Risk | What it means |
|---|---|---|
| Small fish | none | Anything that fits in the mouth is at risk once this species reaches adult size. |
| Adult dwarf shrimp | none | Cover reduces losses but rarely prevents them where the risk is high. |
| Shrimplets | low | Determines whether a shrimp colony can grow rather than merely persist. |
| Snails | none | Applies to snails you wanted as well as snails you did not. |
| Long or trailing fins | none | Fin damage is an entry point for secondary infection. |
| Plants | grazes-algae | Tough species such as Anubias and Java fern survive most grazers. |
Assessed pairings
Any pair in the catalogue can be assessed with the compatibility checker.
Welfare considerations
Points where the way this species is commonly sold or kept differs from what it actually needs.
- Rasps at the flanks of slow-moving, flat-bodied fish such as discus and angelfish when underfed.
- Long-finned and albino strains are widely available and are somewhat less robust.
Problems to watch for
Most problems in a tank containing this species are general rather than species-specific. Start with the troubleshooting index and work from the observation rather than from a guess at the cause.
What AquariumHQ does not yet hold
Species-level disease susceptibility is modelled in the graph and is not yet populated. Health pages will not be published until each condition has veterinary sourcing, because health content written without evidence is the most harmful thing this product could publish. The gap is recorded in the coverage report.
Where it comes from
- Native range
- Paraná and Amazon basins, South America
- Habitat
- Rivers and streams with submerged wood and moderate flow.
What the checklists say
2 distribution statements retrieved from GBIF checklists. Establishment means is reproduced from the source where it states one, and left unstated where it does not — a record of presence is not a record of origin.
| Status | Places | What this means |
|---|---|---|
| Recorded as present, establishment means not stated | 2 | The source records the species as present and does not say whether it is native or introduced. AquariumHQ does not fill that in. |
No checklist AquariumHQ holds positively calls this species native anywhere, so the native range above rests on AquariumHQ’s own reading of the literature rather than on a cited checklist.
Evidence
Every stored value with the kind of support behind it and where to check it. Evidence type and confidence are separate axes: an editorial position held confidently and a measurement held tentatively are different things.
| Claim | Value | Evidence type | Confidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| scientific name | Ancistrus cirrhosus | Observed / measured | high confidence | Catalogue of Life; GBIF — Global Biodiversity Information Facility |
| native range | Paraná and Amazon basins, South America | Observed / measured | moderate confidence | GBIF — Global Biodiversity Information Facility |
| adult size | 10–15 cm | Aquarium-literature consensus | high confidence | AquariumHQ husbandry synthesis |
| lifespan | 6–12 years | Aquarium-literature consensus | high confidence | AquariumHQ husbandry synthesis |
| temperature | 22–27 °C | Aquarium-literature consensus | high confidence | AquariumHQ husbandry synthesis |
| ph | 6–7.8 pH | Aquarium-literature consensus | high confidence | AquariumHQ husbandry synthesis |
| general hardness | 2–20 °dGH | Aquarium-literature consensus | high confidence | AquariumHQ husbandry synthesis |
| minimum tank volume | ≥ 110 L | AquariumHQ editorial position | moderate confidence | AquariumHQ husbandry synthesis |
| minimum tank length | ≥ 80 cm | AquariumHQ editorial position | moderate confidence | AquariumHQ husbandry synthesis |
Last reviewed 2026-08-10. Values labelled as an aquarium-literature consensus are AquariumHQ editorial positions rather than measurements — see how evidence is handled.
Why we say this
What each figure on this page rests on, and how far that is from being independently established.
Every figure on this page has a provenance. Open any claim to see what AquariumHQ holds for it, which sources say what, and what a claim of that kind actually needs. Different claims need different evidence: an accepted scientific name is settled by one authority, while a legal restriction needs a current primary instrument. A single source is often the right answer rather than a thin one.
scientific nameAquariumHQ's own position, externally checkableBased on a verified authoritative source.
AquariumHQ's own position on a claim an external source could support.
What this kind of claim needs: accepted scientific name and classification — 1 authoritative source in an appropriate context. Checked against gbif on 2026-08-11. One authoritative backbone is what this class requires.
What would improve this: Go and read a source. This is reachable and has not been reached.
native rangeAquariumHQ's own position, externally checkableLimited evidence — treat with caution.
AquariumHQ's own position on a claim an external source could support.
What this kind of claim needs: where the species occurs — 1 authoritative source in an appropriate context. 2 distribution statements held, and not one of them states an establishment means. Presence without native-or-introduced is not a native-range claim, so this stays below requirement rather than being read as one.
What would improve this: Go and read a source. This is reachable and has not been reached.
adult sizeOne sourceBased on a verified authoritative source.1 citation, 1 independent origin
A single source: price-2022-fishshapes.
- 10–13 cm — Ornamental Aquatic Trade Association · Typically observed · The range the species is recorded from
- 11–14 cm — AquariumHQ husbandry synthesis · Typically observed · The range the species is recorded from · checked 2026-08-11
- 9.1–9.1 cm — FishBase · Maximum recorded · The range the species is recorded from · checked 2026-08-11Corrected on checking from 15–15 cm.
What this kind of claim needs: size a well-kept specimen reaches — no external source is required, provided AquariumHQ shows its reasoning. One authoritative source, which is what this kind of claim requires. Independent replication would be welcome and is not the standard.
What would improve this: Corroborate against a second, independent source.
lifespanAquariumHQ's own position, externally checkableAquariumHQ's own position, derived from evidenced inputs.
AquariumHQ's own position on a claim an external source could support.
What this kind of claim needs: what aquariumhq advises for keeping — no external source is required, provided AquariumHQ shows its reasoning. No external source is required for this class. AquariumHQ's position stands on its stated reasoning.
What would improve this: Go and read a source. This is reachable and has not been reached.
temperatureAquariumHQ's own position, externally checkableAquariumHQ's own position, derived from evidenced inputs.
AquariumHQ's own position on a claim an external source could support.
What this kind of claim needs: what aquariumhq advises for keeping — no external source is required, provided AquariumHQ shows its reasoning. No external source is required for this class. AquariumHQ's position stands on its stated reasoning.
What would improve this: Go and read a source. This is reachable and has not been reached.
phAquariumHQ's own position, externally checkableAquariumHQ's own position, derived from evidenced inputs.
AquariumHQ's own position on a claim an external source could support.
What this kind of claim needs: what aquariumhq advises for keeping — no external source is required, provided AquariumHQ shows its reasoning. No external source is required for this class. AquariumHQ's position stands on its stated reasoning.
What would improve this: Go and read a source. This is reachable and has not been reached.
general hardnessAquariumHQ's own position, externally checkableAquariumHQ's own position, derived from evidenced inputs.
AquariumHQ's own position on a claim an external source could support.
What this kind of claim needs: what aquariumhq advises for keeping — no external source is required, provided AquariumHQ shows its reasoning. No external source is required for this class. AquariumHQ's position stands on its stated reasoning.
What would improve this: Go and read a source. This is reachable and has not been reached.
minimum tank volumeAquariumHQ's judgement — no authority publishes thisAquariumHQ's own position, derived from evidenced inputs.
No external authority publishes this. The rationale carries the reasoning.
What this kind of claim needs: minimum tank size — no external source is required, provided AquariumHQ shows its reasoning. No authority publishes this. AquariumHQ derives it, and the derivation is recorded with its inputs and assumptions.
What would improve this: Keep the rationale current. There is no source to find.
minimum tank lengthAquariumHQ's judgement — no authority publishes thisAquariumHQ's own position, derived from evidenced inputs.
No external authority publishes this. The rationale carries the reasoning.
What this kind of claim needs: minimum tank size — no external source is required, provided AquariumHQ shows its reasoning. No authority publishes this. AquariumHQ derives it, and the derivation is recorded with its inputs and assumptions.
What would improve this: Keep the rationale current. There is no source to find.
Guides relevant to this species
Chosen from this record's own traits rather than listed on every page.
- Scientific and trade namesThe trade name for this animal covers more than one species.
- The kinds of water aquarium fish come fromThis record's water bands follow lowland floodplain, which is the kind of water this animal is recorded from.
Group size and social behaviour
Males are territorial over caves. One male per tank unless the tank is large with several separate cave sites.