African water fern
A finely divided, dark green fern for shaded, flowing water, attached to wood or rock.
Requirements
- Scientific name
- Bolbitis heudelotii
- Family
- Dryopteridaceae
- Light
- Low to medium
- CO₂
- Beneficial
- Nutrients
- moderate
- Growth rate
- Slow
- Placement
- Epiphyte
- Feeding
- water column
- Temperature
- 20–26 °C
- pH
- 5.5–7.5
- Hardness
- 1–12 °dGH
- Height
- 15–40 cm
Identity
- Common name
- African water fern
- Scientific name
- Bolbitis heudelotii
- Family
- Dryopteridaceae
- Also sold as
- bolbitis
How to plant it
The commonest way to kill an aquarium plant is to install it wrongly. This is the first thing to get right.
Tie or glue to wood or rock
Nutrition reaches this plant mainly through the water column, so liquid fertiliser matters more than substrate nutrition.
Growing conditions
| Input | Requirement | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Light | Low to medium | Match plants to the light you have rather than raising light to suit the plant — that grows algae. |
| CO₂ | Beneficial | Not a requirement, though growth is faster with it. |
| Nutrients | moderate | Dose a complete liquid fertiliser. |
| Temperature | 20–26 °C | |
| pH | 5.5–7.5 | |
| Hardness | 1–12 °dGH | |
| Growth rate | Slow |
Propagation
Divide the rhizome.
Emersed growth and melting
Commercially grown out of water. Expect the emersed leaves to die back after planting while new submersed-form leaves grow from the crown. This is a conversion, not a disease.
Common problems
- slow establishment
- algae on fronds in still water
Work from the observation: melting, yellow leaves, holes in leaves and poor growth.
Fish and invertebrate compatibility
- Resists grazing
- good
- Resists digging
- excellent
Worth knowing
- Prefers moving water and cooler temperatures; struggles above about 26 °C.
- Must not be buried — attach the rhizome to hardscape.
Evidence
| Claim | Value | Evidence type | Confidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| scientific name | Bolbitis heudelotii | Observed / measured | high confidence | Plants of the World Online |
| temperature | 20–26 °C | Aquarium-literature consensus | moderate confidence | AquariumHQ husbandry synthesis |
| light requirement | low-to-medium | Aquarium-literature consensus | moderate confidence | AquariumHQ husbandry synthesis |
| co2 requirement | beneficial | Aquarium-literature consensus | moderate confidence | AquariumHQ husbandry synthesis |
| growth rate | slow | Aquarium-literature consensus | moderate confidence | AquariumHQ husbandry synthesis |
| placement | epiphyte | Aquarium-literature consensus | moderate confidence | AquariumHQ husbandry synthesis |
| ph | 5.5–7.5 pH | Aquarium-literature consensus | moderate confidence | AquariumHQ husbandry synthesis |
| general hardness | 1–12 °dGH | Aquarium-literature consensus | moderate confidence | AquariumHQ husbandry synthesis |
| height | 15–40 cm | Aquarium-literature consensus | moderate confidence | AquariumHQ husbandry synthesis |
Why we say this
What each figure on this page rests on, and how far that is from being independently established.
Every figure on this page has a provenance. Open any claim to see what AquariumHQ holds for it, which sources say what, and what a claim of that kind actually needs. Different claims need different evidence: an accepted scientific name is settled by one authority, while a legal restriction needs a current primary instrument. A single source is often the right answer rather than a thin one. Light and CO2 categories are aquarium conventions rather than measurements, and are labelled as such — AquariumHQ has taken no PAR readings and does not publish figures it has not taken.
scientific nameAquariumHQ's own position, externally checkableLimited evidence — treat with caution.
AquariumHQ's own position on a claim an external source could support.
What this kind of claim needs: accepted botanical name — 1 authoritative source in an appropriate context. This class needs 1 independent origin of at least primary-compilation authority, and 0 are held.
What would improve this: Go and read a source. This is reachable and has not been reached.
temperatureAquariumHQ's own position, externally checkableAquariumHQ's own position, derived from evidenced inputs.
AquariumHQ's own position on a claim an external source could support.
What this kind of claim needs: how to grow the plant — no external source is required, provided AquariumHQ shows its reasoning. No external source is required for this class. AquariumHQ's position stands on its stated reasoning.
What would improve this: Go and read a source. This is reachable and has not been reached.
light requirementAquariumHQ's judgement — no authority publishes thisAquariumHQ's own position, derived from evidenced inputs.
No external authority publishes this. The rationale carries the reasoning.
What this kind of claim needs: how to grow the plant — no external source is required, provided AquariumHQ shows its reasoning. No external source is required for this class. AquariumHQ's position stands on its stated reasoning.
What would improve this: Keep the rationale current. There is no source to find.
co2 requirementAquariumHQ's judgement — no authority publishes thisAquariumHQ's own position, derived from evidenced inputs.
No external authority publishes this. The rationale carries the reasoning.
What this kind of claim needs: how to grow the plant — no external source is required, provided AquariumHQ shows its reasoning. No external source is required for this class. AquariumHQ's position stands on its stated reasoning.
What would improve this: Keep the rationale current. There is no source to find.
growth rateAquariumHQ's judgement — no authority publishes thisAquariumHQ's own position, derived from evidenced inputs.
No external authority publishes this. The rationale carries the reasoning.
What this kind of claim needs: how to grow the plant — no external source is required, provided AquariumHQ shows its reasoning. No external source is required for this class. AquariumHQ's position stands on its stated reasoning.
What would improve this: Keep the rationale current. There is no source to find.
placementAquariumHQ's judgement — no authority publishes thisAquariumHQ's own position, derived from evidenced inputs.
No external authority publishes this. The rationale carries the reasoning.
What this kind of claim needs: how to grow the plant — no external source is required, provided AquariumHQ shows its reasoning. No external source is required for this class. AquariumHQ's position stands on its stated reasoning.
What would improve this: Keep the rationale current. There is no source to find.
phAquariumHQ's own position, externally checkableAquariumHQ's own position, derived from evidenced inputs.
AquariumHQ's own position on a claim an external source could support.
What this kind of claim needs: how to grow the plant — no external source is required, provided AquariumHQ shows its reasoning. No external source is required for this class. AquariumHQ's position stands on its stated reasoning.
What would improve this: Go and read a source. This is reachable and has not been reached.
general hardnessAquariumHQ's own position, externally checkableAquariumHQ's own position, derived from evidenced inputs.
AquariumHQ's own position on a claim an external source could support.
What this kind of claim needs: how to grow the plant — no external source is required, provided AquariumHQ shows its reasoning. No external source is required for this class. AquariumHQ's position stands on its stated reasoning.
What would improve this: Go and read a source. This is reachable and has not been reached.
heightAquariumHQ's own position, externally checkableAquariumHQ's own position, derived from evidenced inputs.
AquariumHQ's own position on a claim an external source could support.
What this kind of claim needs: size a well-kept specimen reaches — no external source is required, provided AquariumHQ shows its reasoning. No external source is required for this class. AquariumHQ's position stands on its stated reasoning.
What would improve this: Go and read a source. This is reachable and has not been reached.